Side frame



Aug; 2 1927.

' C. .HANKINS SIDE FRAME Fild Nov. 20. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

I I I I Aug. 2,1927.

C. HANKINS SIDE FRAME File d Nair. 20. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet z ll llll l w Patented Aug. 2, 1927.

UNITED sTATss PATENT: orrlcs. j

CYRUS HANKIfiS, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE SYKINGTOIF CO1!- PANY, F NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF MARYLAND.

SIDE FRAME.

Application filed November 20, 192% Serial No. 70,274.

This invention relates to side frames for railway car trucks. and more particularly to such frames with journal boxes cast 1ntegral therewith and an improved method 5 of casting such frames.

' The principal object of the invention, generally considered, is the provision. of a cast side frame with integral journal boxes, said frame being efliciently constructed and reinforced so that great strength is secured with a relatively small amount of metal and internal cooling'strains are reduced on .account of the disposition of the metal there in, weaknesses, ordinarily found at portions of the metal cast adjacent the junction between the green sand mould and baked cores, being minimized by virtue ofan improved method of casting;

An object of the invention is the provision of east side frames for railway ca'r trucks in which the compression and tension members are generally U-shape in cross section and formed with webs and vertically disposedfianges on either side of saidwebs, such frame being formed with integral journal boxes at the ends thereof and the connection with said-journal boxes being reinforced by longitudinal webs or ribs extending from the roof of each journal box 3 to the adjacent portions of the webs of the compression and tension members. 1

Another object of my invention is the'provision of truck side frames in which the frame members are generally U-shape incross section and integrally connected with journal boxes at the ends of said frames,

. the connections with said journal boxes.

being'reinforced by triangular gusset portions extending outwardly from the tension 40 member to the upper inner corner of the adjacent-journal box. r

A further object of my. invention is the provision of east side frames for railway car trucks in which journal boxes are 5 formed integral therewith and in which the design of the upper corners of said. journal boxes is improved by eliminating the angu- Q lar arrangement formerly extending from the outer side wall of the frame members 0 outwardly to the mo'uthof the journal boxes thereby avoiding difiiculties in moulding,- the same arrangement being followed at the will become upper outer corner of each box so that the termediate portions by bolster column guides and all of'said membersare formed generally.Uchape in cross section with the diagonal end portions of the tension member formed with a lower web. and upstanding flanges at the sides thereof, the. upper edges of said flanges being reinforced b ribs or beading extending therealong, sai beading being thickened or increased in width from the ends of the diagonal end portions of the tension member towards the intermediate or central portions'of said diagonal portions thereby eliminating internal cooling stresses by causing the metal in said diagonal portions to cool more uniformly after being cast.-

An additional object of my invention isthe improvement in the method of casting and particularly the method of-casting side frames for railway car trucks in' which cores'are used for formingexternal depend ing flanges or webs on the tension member thereof, said method involving the elimination of substantially transverse lines of weakness between portions of thej metal cast corresponding portion of a mould and the green. sand and the substitution for said transverse lines of weakness of such lines extending diagonally across the casting h of said casting at such whereby the stren points is material y increased.

Other objects and advantages of the invention relating to the articular arrangement and combination of the various parts apparent as 'the'description proceeds Referring to the drawingsdlluistrating a i preferred embodiment of my invention, the scope whereof is defined'by the appended c l'a1ms': a

Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in vertical section on the line 1-1 of Figure 2,,

showing a side frame embodying the various features of my invention.

Figure 2 is a plan View of-the side frame illustrated in Figure 1 shown partly in section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1. F Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 33 of' Figure 1.

Figures 4, 5 6 and--7 are detailed sectional formed with an upper arch bar or compression member 1, a lower arch bar or tension member 2, between intermediate portions of which are interposed spaced strut or bolster guide column members 3, all of these members preferably being formed generally channel or U-sha e in cross .section. The

compression mem er 1 comprises an upper web 4 with flanges 5 depending from the side edges thereof, the lower edges of said flanges being strengthened by beading or ribs 6 extending therealong. Likewise the tension member 2 is formed with a lower web 7 and upstanding flanges 8 on opposite sides of said web, the upper edges of said flanges 8' being reinforced by ribs or beading 9 extending therealong, as illustrated particularly in Figures 1 and 5.

The bolster column orlstrut members' 3 are likewise formed'with inner webs 10 and outwardly extending flange portions 1 reinforced by ribs or beading 12 ext nding along the outer edges thereof, the ribs or -beading'6, 9and 12 preferably merging at the ends to form a continuous border or frame around the substantially triangular openings 13 between the compression, tension and bolster guide members. Between the spaced strut members 3 and the intermediate or central portions of the compres- 5 sion and tension members, the usual window or bolster opening 14 is provided, the lower ends of said strut members 3 being offset outwardly as indicated at 15 for the reception of the usual form of truck bolster. The compression member over the bolster opening 14 is substantially horizontal and of ap-' proximately the same cross section as over the triangular openings13 except that the heading or ribs 6 are preferably on ,the inner sides'iof the flanges 5 instead of on the outer sides thereof and preferably increase or flare in width or depth'toward'the bolster columns 3; to form the triangular reinforcements 16.

The junctions between reinforcements 16 and 26 the fadjacent webs 10 of the strutme'mbers 3 are preferably relieved or curved outwardly as indicated at 17 in accordance with usual practice.

Beneath the-bolster opening14, the tension member 2 is substantially horizontal and generally box shape in cross section, that is, the normal U-shape of the member is closed by an upper shelf 18cxtending transversely beyond the flange or upright web portions 8 to form a spring seating surface of adequate width in accordance with the usual practice. Said spring seating surface may be provided with bosses 19 of the usual character and the extended edges of shelf portions 18' are prefcrably braced or reinforced with respect to the flanges'or upright portions 8 by trans-;.

verse substantially triangular reinforcing webs or gussets 20. For preventng the accumulation of water or moisture in the -box section of the tension member, one or more drain holes 21 may be provided. The end portions 22 of the shelf or web portions 18. of the compression member on opposite sides of the bolster guide columns are deflected upwardly and tapered to gradually merge into the flanges 8 at points adjacent the lower marginal edges of the openings 13. In a similar way the portions of the web or shelf 18 between said flanges or webs 8 of the tension member are bent upwardly and tapered to merge with the flanges 8 as indicatcd at 23, the overlying offset portion of the web 10 of each strut or bolster column member 3- being apcrtured at 24 as indicated particularly in Figure 3.

The tension member immediately below and outwardly of the lower corner of the window opening 14 is preferably reinforced by depending flanges 24 and 25. The depth of these flanges is preferably a maximum j substantially coincident with the intersection of the web of the tension member by .diagonal lines drawn from the lower corners of the window opening. These flanges 24 and" 25' are preferably reinforced adjacent the i lower or marginal edges by beading or lips 26 and 27, respectively.

Outwardly toward the ends of the frame the portions of the tension "member beyond the strut members 3 extend diagonally upward and outward to meet the slightly cambered or sloping end portions of 'the compression member 1 adjacent the ends of the frame where the journal boxes 28 are also connected therewith. The flange portions 5 and 80f the compression and tension members, respectively, merge adjacent said jour nal boxes and join with the roofs 29 thereof. the web 7 ofthe tension member intersecting the inner sidewalls 30 of the journal boxes slightly below the upper inner corners or roofs 29 thereof. The web of the, compression member '1 does not directly connect with the roofs 29 of the journal boxes, being cut away as indicated at 31, but. the flanges .wardlyto the planes of the outer side walls 32 of said journal boxes as indicated at 33.

wall 30 of the adjacent journal box and con- Forstrengthening the connection between theside frame and each journal box 28, longitudinal webor rib. portions 34 preferably extend from an intermediate or the longitudinal central portion of the web 4 of the compression member 1 to the roof 29 of the adjacent journal box." The outer edges of said webs 34 curve downwardly and outwardly from the termination of theweb 4 to the outer edge of the adjacent roof 29 while the inner edges of said webs, 34 start from the web 4 substantially over the inner tinue downwardly and inwardly along a substantia'lly straight line to join with the web 7 of the tension member along a substantial portion thereof. Said web 7 of the tensionmember 2 preferably joins with the inner .side walls of the journal boxes 28 slightly below the upper inner corners thereof as indicated at 35.- For reinforcing this connection with the journal bohes, triangular web or gusset portions 36 are provided between the outer side of the tension member and adjacent portions of the inner side walls of the journal boxes 28, said web referably extending from the lower edge of the diagonal tension member 2, upwardly and outwardly to the upper inner corner of the ad jacent journal box, being ofl'set upwardly for this purpose with respect to the adjacent portions of the web 7 of the tension member 2, thereby efi'ecting an improvement in moulding conditions and makin it possible to secure metal of a better qua ity at that corner .of each box roof. The corresponding substantially triangular web portions 37 between the inner side of the tension member .member.

2 and the adjacent portion of the side wall 30 of the journal box, however, referably lies in the plane of the web 7,of' t e tension As additional reinforcements between the v tension member and the journal boxes, connecting web portions 38 are prefer'ably provided betweenthe lowerface or web 7 of the tension member and the, adjacent walls 30 of the journal boxes, said web portions 38 extending longitudinally and spaced apart,'as

indicated particularly in Figure 6, the upper and lower edges ofsaid portions preferably being strengthened by beading or ribs 39 ex tending therealong. The upper edges of said reinforcements38 are preferably spaced from the point of union between the web 7 of the tension'member 2 and the adjacent journal box 28 th'erebyleavin'g substantially triangular openings 40.

The angular arrangement between the. roof of each journal box and the inner side wall thereof outwardly of the outer flange 7 of the tension member has been improved so that.now the roof of the journal box meets the inner side wall thereof at substantially right angles without an intervening diagonal plane therebetween. This change in construction was. effected for two reasons:

first, to avoid setting an outside core to produce such an angular arrangement= of. the metal and second, to provide better clearance in setting the cope down over the green sand journal box core. Intermediate of the flanges f the tension member, however, theusual angular arrangement 1s maintained and this also extends back to the dust guardwell 41. The same arrangement is followed at the outercorner. of the roof or outer side wall of the box so the journal box cores for the right a'nd'left sides thereof may be made similar.

The beading or ribs 9 along the upper edges of the diagonalend portions of the tension member has been thickened or increased in width at the intermediate orcentral portions. This was done to increase the amount of metal at these points and thereby retard slightly the cooling of the as much tendency to bow out of line thereby 1 eliminating internal cooling stresses because of the restrained ends .of these diagonal portions.

Referring now to Figure 9, there is illustrated a portion of the pattern utilized for casting a frame constructed in accordance with my invention. In order to form the flanges 24 and 25 and the connecting webs 38, it is necessary to have core printportions 42, 43, 44 and 45 on the pattern parts 46 and 47, Asillustrated, the drag 'or lower side 47 of the pattern has the core print portions 43 and 45 thereon and the cope or upper side 46 of the pattern has similar'core print portions 42 and 44 thereon. These core prints have their ends 48 tapered or extended on diagonal lines, as illustrated, so that the junction between the green sand used for forming the main part of the, mould andthe .baked sand core inserted in the core prints extends along diagonal lines rather than along' a substantially transverse line, with just enough draft provided for the withdrawal of the pattern from the mould.

As well known to those skilled in the art, the junction between metal cast adjacent a baked core and that cast adjacent green sand ofiset commonly formed due to not properly matching cores in the mould. The usual h l ao way to end a core print and its corresponding core is indicated by the dot and dash cally in Figure 1 by 'dot and dash lines.

When-side frames arecast utilizing patterns with ,core prints, as illustrated, the line. of imperfect metal along the bottom or web 7 of the diagonal tension portions ofthe side frame extends along diagonal or broken lines, corresponding with the tapered ends of the core prints rather than substantially directly across the web 7 of'said' tension member, thereby prolonging the length of imperfect metal between the baked core and green sand mould and extending it' over a substantial length of the tension member so thatonly a small portion of imperfect'metal' is found in any given'section through the tension member. i

' By virtue of the aforedescribed construc-' tion, improvement has been effected in the design and method of manufacture of side frames so that the amount of metalemployed may be decreased in securing a given 1 strength therein. By virtue of the improved method of casting which method, as will be obvious, is adapted for casting other articles where cores are employed, as well as side frames, greatly improved strength may be effected in such articles, especially portions thereof normally in tension. Having now described my invention,' what .I claim is: 1.- A car truck side frame comprisinga compression member, a .tension member,

-- upper web, and depending flanges at the bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions of said members, said compression and tension. members being generally channel shape in cross section, said compression member being formed'w-ith an edges of said web, saidtensionmember being formed with a lower web and upstand-' ing flanges at the edges of said web, the

flanges of said compression and tensionmembers merging at the ends of the frame, j'ournalboxes connected to said flanges ad-v jacent the ends of said frame and each' formed with a roof with each of said flanges i merged with said roof,.the connection between vsaidj journal boxes -and frame being further'st r engthened by a connecting web extending between and" parallel to said flanges andjoined withfthe'webs of thecom ;-f]ournal box roof,the outer edges of said I webs slo'pin downwardly and outwardly from the en s of the compression members -web to the outer edges of the journal box roofs, the inner edges of said webs extending- -in a substantially straight line downwardlypression and tension members and-with each d inwardly from the compression memintermediate portions of 7 said members, said her ,web along the web of the tension member."

2. A car truck; side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between frame slightly'below the upper inner corners thereof, said junction being rem-forced by substantially triangular web portions extending outwardly from the sides of said tension" member in the plane of the web thereof, sloping upwardly andflaring trans+ versely and united with'the journal boxes i above the plane of the tension member web at substantially the upper inner corners of said boxes. a 3. A car truckside frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions of said members, said compression and tension members being genera'lly U-shapeinfcross section and formed, respectively, with upper and. lower webs, flanges on the'edges of said webs merging'at the ends of the frame, journal boxes joined to the compression and-tension members at the ends of the frame, thetops of said ljournal boxes being below the junctions between said compression and tension members, the connection with each journal box being fur ther reinforced by spaced longitudinal webs extending between the lowerfa'ce of the tension member web and the adjzicentjjournal boxwalL 4, A caritrucks'ide frame comprising a compression member, a tension, member,- bolster gulde' columns interposed between intermediate portions of said members, those portions of the tension. membe-ron either Y no side of the bolster guide columns sloping -up-' wardly and outwardly and joining with the compression member atthe ends thereof, said. tension memberbeing generally channel shape in cross section with-a lower -web portion and upstandin flanges on either side of said web portion, t e'junct'ions between said tension member and journal boxes being i I I further reinforced by vertical web portions extending outwardlyfrom the tension memher web to the adjacent wall of a journal box, said webs extending from approximate.

ly the side edges of the-tension member web and spaced from the junctions between said. webs and journal boxes, the upper and lower edges of said reinforcements being strengthened by beading Iextending therealong.

5, A truck side frame comprising a coini press onl member,'a, tens on member, bolster compression and tension members being gen-- angles with each other outwar .outer flanges of the compression and tension guide column interposed between intermedi te portions of saidntmembers, sa1d erally U-shape in cross;; ction and formed respectively, with up rand lower webs,

flanges on the edges said-websfme'rging' at the ends of the irms, journal boxes formed with roofs and brass lugs, said roofs sloping from'the inner sides of the brass lugs to the side walls of the journal boxes between the flanges of said compression and tension members, said [roofs and inner side walls arranged to meet substantiall at right y of the members.

6. A car truck side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions of saidmembers, said compression and tension members being generallychannel shape in cross section and the ends of the tension member being inclined to merge with the compression member at the ends thereof, journal boxes connected at the ends of said frame and formed with roofs and brass lugs, said roofs sloping to correspond substantially with the slope of the inclined end portions from the inner sides of the/brass lugs to the edges thereof between the sides of compression and tension members, said roofs and inner side walls arranged substantially at right angles with each other outwardly of the outer side walls of the compression and tensionmembers, said roofs also extending in the same angular relation with respect to the outer side walls of said boxes outwardly of the outer side walls of the compresison and tension members so that the journal box cores need not be made right and left 7 A truck side frame 'comprlsing a'tension member formed with diagonally disposed end portions having upright portions joining, transversely disposed portions, the upper-edges of said upright portions being reinforced by transversely disposed beading or flanges which increase in size toward the intermediate portions of said diagonal end portions.

8 truck side frame comprislnga compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between inter-- mediate portions of said members, said tension member being formed with upright portions joining transversely disposed por.-

tions, said upright portions, along the uper edges thereof, between the ends-of the mine and the adjacent bolster guide columns joining with transversely disposed reinforcements which increase in size toward the intermediate portions of said parts of the tension member betweenthe ends of the frame and..-the adjacent columns. 9, A truck side frame comprising a coming flanges at the edges pression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions of said members, said compression and ten ion members being generally U-shape in cross section and formed,

respectively, with upper and, lower webs,

flan es on the-edges of said Webs merging at tile ends of the frame, said flanges eX- tending toward each other and formed with beading along the inner edge thereof, said beading increasing in size toward the intermediate portion of those parts of the tension member between each end of the frame and the adjacent bolster guide column,

10. A car truck side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between intermediate portions there0f,-said compression and tension members being generally 11, A car truck side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster gulde columns interposed between intermediate portions of sald members, said compression and tension members outwardly of said bolster columns being generally channel shape in cross section and formed, respectively, with upper and lower webs, flanges onthe edges of said webs extending towards each other, the portions of the tension member outwardly of the bolster columns sloping outwardly and upwardly with the flanges thereof merging with the compression member flanges, the inner edges of said flanges being reinforced by beading along the outer sides of said flanges, said beadin being gradually thickened from the ends 0 the S10 ing. portions ,of the tension -member tower the intermediate parts of said sloping portions whereby internal cooling stresses in said. member are decreased.

.12. A truck side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed between. inter mediate portions of said members, said compression and tension members being generally channel sha e in cross section, said compression mem er being formed with an upper web and depending flanges at the I edges of said web, said, tension member being formed with a lower web and upstandof said web, the

rfe

v flanges of 'saidc'om ression' and tension flanges and 'oined with the webs of the com-fl 1 pression an tension members and with each ourna1 box roof, the inner edges of said webs extendin in a substantially straight line downwar ly and inwardly from the compression member web along the Web of 15 .the tension member.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

1 CYRUS HANKINS. 

